- Electrical burns
The most common shock-related, nonfatal injury is a burn. There are three types
of burns caused by electricity: electrical burns, arc burns, and thermal burns.Electrical burns are caused by a person touching electrical wiring or equipment that is used or improperly maintained. These burns are usually to the hands and are one of the most serious types of burns and require immediate medical attention.
Thermal burns are cause by clothing that has caught on fire or skin coming in contact with overheated equipment.
Arc blasts occur when high-amp currents arc through the air due to equipment failure from abuse or fatigue. Arc blast temperatures can reach 35,000 degrees F.
Hazard control means PREVENTION, which requires:
1. A process that consider engineering
2. Identifying unsafe conditions
3. Correcting unsafe behaviors
4. Analyzing hazard information
5. Ultimately controlling or correcting the identified hazard
1. A process that consider engineering
2. Identifying unsafe conditions
3. Correcting unsafe behaviors
4. Analyzing hazard information
5. Ultimately controlling or correcting the identified hazard
Steps RISK Assessment
1. Identify hazards
2. Identify people who will be affected
3. Risk assessment and determine the needs of the crisis
4. Record the results and implementation requirements
5. Review evaluation and update their information as required
1. Identify hazards
2. Identify people who will be affected
3. Risk assessment and determine the needs of the crisis
4. Record the results and implementation requirements
5. Review evaluation and update their information as required
The ELECTRIC SHOCK depends on three factor, are:
1. A quantity of the electric current which pass through the body.
2. Duration of electric shock.
3. The passage which electric current passed through it.
1. A quantity of the electric current which pass through the body.
2. Duration of electric shock.
3. The passage which electric current passed through it.
Safety Signs and Signals:
- Prohibition
- Warning
- Mandatory
- Safe condition
- Fire
- Prohibition
- Warning
- Mandatory
- Safe condition
- Fire
SOURCES of IGNITION
1.Naked flames from heaters, smoking, etc.
.
2.Static electricity
.
3.Welding and cutting tools
.
4.Sparks from metal-grinding
.
5.Sparks from electrical equipment
.
6.Hot surfaces from heaters, poorly maintained equipment, etc.
1.Naked flames from heaters, smoking, etc.
.
2.Static electricity
.
3.Welding and cutting tools
.
4.Sparks from metal-grinding
.
5.Sparks from electrical equipment
.
6.Hot surfaces from heaters, poorly maintained equipment, etc.
During the welding process, welders should
consider using appropriate protective clothing which should include:
1. Shield or helmet with a filtered lens.
2. Fire resistant gloves; a leather apron.
3. Boots.
4. Leather spats.
5. Felt skull-cap or beret and preferably overalls.
1. Shield or helmet with a filtered lens.
2. Fire resistant gloves; a leather apron.
3. Boots.
4. Leather spats.
5. Felt skull-cap or beret and preferably overalls.
Roles and responsibilities of people within an organization
Workers
1.Have a responsibility to look after their own health and safety and any other person who might be affected by what they do
2. Should co-operate at all times with their employer on all issues of health and safety
3. Should use tools and other equipment correctly and not interfere with or misuse equipment provided for health and safety
4.May have other specific responsibilities, e.g. carrying out health and safety checks
Workers
1.Have a responsibility to look after their own health and safety and any other person who might be affected by what they do
2. Should co-operate at all times with their employer on all issues of health and safety
3. Should use tools and other equipment correctly and not interfere with or misuse equipment provided for health and safety
4.May have other specific responsibilities, e.g. carrying out health and safety checks
Managers and Supervisors Should make sure that:
1.Workers have received necessary health and safety training
2.Risk assessments are carried out and controls implemented
3.Emergency procedures are obeyed
4.Workers use the correct PPE
5.Safe working practices are followed The degree of supervision will depend on the level of risk, complexity of the work and competency of workers Negligent managers can be prosecuted under UK law
1.Workers have received necessary health and safety training
2.Risk assessments are carried out and controls implemented
3.Emergency procedures are obeyed
4.Workers use the correct PPE
5.Safe working practices are followed The degree of supervision will depend on the level of risk, complexity of the work and competency of workers Negligent managers can be prosecuted under UK law
Roles and responsibilities of people within an
organization
Directors
•Health and safety should be seen as an important part of business activity
•Members of the Board and senior managers have both a collective and individual responsibility for the health, safety and welfare of workers
•In the UK and many other countries, senior company representatives can be prosecuted if they have been negligent
•The Board should also endorse and formally sign the health and safety policy
Directors
•Health and safety should be seen as an important part of business activity
•Members of the Board and senior managers have both a collective and individual responsibility for the health, safety and welfare of workers
•In the UK and many other countries, senior company representatives can be prosecuted if they have been negligent
•The Board should also endorse and formally sign the health and safety policy
Roles and responsibilities of people within an
organization
Employers
Have a responsibility for the health, safety and welfare of workers and the health and safety of anyone else who is affected by their work activities, e.g.
•Visitors
•Agency workers
•Contractors
•The general public
Employers
Have a responsibility for the health, safety and welfare of workers and the health and safety of anyone else who is affected by their work activities, e.g.
•Visitors
•Agency workers
•Contractors
•The general public
Health, Safety and Welfare
Health:
Refers to all aspects of maintaining a healthy and safe workplace where harm to people is prevented.
Safety:
The results of ALL persons taking positive actions to identify accident causes and implement suitable preventative measures
Welfare:
The availability of facilities and presence of conditions required for reasonably comfortable, healthy and secure living
Health:
Refers to all aspects of maintaining a healthy and safe workplace where harm to people is prevented.
Safety:
The results of ALL persons taking positive actions to identify accident causes and implement suitable preventative measures
Welfare:
The availability of facilities and presence of conditions required for reasonably comfortable, healthy and secure living
Emergency Evacuation Procedures
Role of fire marshals
1.Supervise fire evacuation
2.Take charge of emergency until emergency services arrive
3.Take a roll call
4.Should be properly trained
5.Can have a role in fire risk assessment and inspections
Role of fire marshals
1.Supervise fire evacuation
2.Take charge of emergency until emergency services arrive
3.Take a roll call
4.Should be properly trained
5.Can have a role in fire risk assessment and inspections
Means of Escape
1.Should be protected and compartmentalized by ‘fire doors’ which:
a.Should always open in the direction of travel along the escape route
b.Are rated by the amount of protection they give
c.Are fitted with intumescent strips
2.People should know where to go in the event of a fire evacuation, e.g. assembly point
1.Should be protected and compartmentalized by ‘fire doors’ which:
a.Should always open in the direction of travel along the escape route
b.Are rated by the amount of protection they give
c.Are fitted with intumescent strips
2.People should know where to go in the event of a fire evacuation, e.g. assembly point
Portable fire-fighting equipment
1.Extinguishers, hoses, fire blankets are an important first line of defence
2.Designed for relatively small fires and should only be operated by people who are trained (but all workers should be familiar with basic operation)
3.Fire extinguishers should be:
a)Sited in suitable locations, e.g. on escape routes
b)Signposted
c)Regularly maintained
1.Extinguishers, hoses, fire blankets are an important first line of defence
2.Designed for relatively small fires and should only be operated by people who are trained (but all workers should be familiar with basic operation)
3.Fire extinguishers should be:
a)Sited in suitable locations, e.g. on escape routes
b)Signposted
c)Regularly maintained
Safe systems of work
•Particularly risky jobs include:
1.Welding and other hot work
2.Using flammable chemicals like paint-spraying
3.Removing petrol from a car
•Safe systems of work should be followed, which may include a formal permit-to-work system
•Particularly risky jobs include:
1.Welding and other hot work
2.Using flammable chemicals like paint-spraying
3.Removing petrol from a car
•Safe systems of work should be followed, which may include a formal permit-to-work system
Good housekeeping
1.Keep corridors, passageways, aisles and walkways clear
2.Ensure all flammable and combustible materials are properly handled and stored and kept away from sources of fuel / ignition
3.Ensure bins are regularly emptied and the waste safely disposed
1.Keep corridors, passageways, aisles and walkways clear
2.Ensure all flammable and combustible materials are properly handled and stored and kept away from sources of fuel / ignition
3.Ensure bins are regularly emptied and the waste safely disposed
Control of fuel sources
1.Levels of flammable material kept to a minimum
2.Good housekeeping
3.Extra care should be given to materials that give out particularly toxic smoke
4.Store flammable materials safely
1.Levels of flammable material kept to a minimum
2.Good housekeeping
3.Extra care should be given to materials that give out particularly toxic smoke
4.Store flammable materials safely
Control of ignition sources
1.Substituting open fires or gas burners with safer alternatives
2.Correct selection and maintenance of equipment
3.Controls on hot work, e.g. welding
4.Restrictions on smoking
1.Substituting open fires or gas burners with safer alternatives
2.Correct selection and maintenance of equipment
3.Controls on hot work, e.g. welding
4.Restrictions on smoking
Fire risk assessment
The role and benefits of fire risk assessment
The responsible person should arrange for a risk assessment to be conducted by a competent person
Aims of fire risk assessment:
1.To identify the fire hazards
2.To reduce the risk of those hazards causing harm to as low as is reasonably practicable
3.To decide what physical fire precautions and management arrangements are needed to ensure the safety of people in your premises if a fire does start
The role and benefits of fire risk assessment
The responsible person should arrange for a risk assessment to be conducted by a competent person
Aims of fire risk assessment:
1.To identify the fire hazards
2.To reduce the risk of those hazards causing harm to as low as is reasonably practicable
3.To decide what physical fire precautions and management arrangements are needed to ensure the safety of people in your premises if a fire does start
Fire consequences
1.Death and serious injury
2.Almost half of all deaths relating to fire are caused by gas and smoke inhalation, with the remainder being from burns; oxygen depletion; and injury from structural collapse
3.Other consequences:
a.Structural damage to buildings
b.Equipment and stock damage
c.Delay and loss of business
d.Damage from fire-fighting
e.Environmental damage
1.Death and serious injury
2.Almost half of all deaths relating to fire are caused by gas and smoke inhalation, with the remainder being from burns; oxygen depletion; and injury from structural collapse
3.Other consequences:
a.Structural damage to buildings
b.Equipment and stock damage
c.Delay and loss of business
d.Damage from fire-fighting
e.Environmental damage
Main causes of fire
1.Deliberate ignition, e.g. arson
2.Often involving petrol and occurring at night
3.Certain buildings more prone, e.g. private garages and sheds; construction industry premises; recreational and other cultural services premises; and schools
4.Accidental fires, e.g. caused by faulty appliances and leads, misuse of equipment or appliances, smokers’ materials; cooking oil fires; horseplay
1.Deliberate ignition, e.g. arson
2.Often involving petrol and occurring at night
3.Certain buildings more prone, e.g. private garages and sheds; construction industry premises; recreational and other cultural services premises; and schools
4.Accidental fires, e.g. caused by faulty appliances and leads, misuse of equipment or appliances, smokers’ materials; cooking oil fires; horseplay
Sources of oxygen
1.The air around us
.
2.Stored oxygen, e.g. in cylinders
.
3.Stored materials, e.g. oxidizing substances such as hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypocellularity (bleach)
1.The air around us
.
2.Stored oxygen, e.g. in cylinders
.
3.Stored materials, e.g. oxidizing substances such as hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypocellularity (bleach)
SOURCES of IGNITION
1.Naked flames from heaters, smoking, etc.
.
2.Static electricity
.
3.Welding and cutting tools
.
4.Sparks from metal-grinding
.
5.Sparks from electrical equipment
.
6.Hot surfaces from heaters, poorly maintained equipment, etc.
1.Naked flames from heaters, smoking, etc.
.
2.Static electricity
.
3.Welding and cutting tools
.
4.Sparks from metal-grinding
.
5.Sparks from electrical equipment
.
6.Hot surfaces from heaters, poorly maintained equipment, etc.
